Data mentioned can be found on the page linked. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater In 2019, sentences for female offenders had a higher level of concordance with their pre-sentence report (excluding Other) (66%) than male offenders (59%). These offences accounted for a larger proportion of female arrests, whereas drug offences and sexual offences accounted for larger proportions of male arrests. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. As per the reports presented by the Custodial Mothers & Fathers and the Child Support (2015), the statistics presented by the United States Census Bureau indicated that there are around 13.7 million single parents in the United States. You can change your cookie settings at any time. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. Male victims were comparatively younger, with equal proportions within the 16-24 and 25-34 age groups (both 22%). Figure 7.07: Proportion of males and female offenders by offending history, England and Wales, 2015 and 2019. Figure 7.05: Proportion of children in the Criminal Justice System, by sex, England and Wales, 2019. Intimate violence refers to a range of physical and non-physical abuse including domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. A similar trend was seen in male prosecutions over the last five years, where the number of males prosecuted for indictable offences was 25% lower in 2019 than in 2015. This differs between functions within HMPPS, with the Prison Service (including Youth Custody Service) representing a lower proportion of females than the HMPPS as a whole, rising from 37% to 39%. , Remands data in this section are based on the Crown Courts decision on whether a defendant prosecuted for a criminal offence, should during the court proceeding go on to be placed in custody or released on bail. The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. Of those remanded in custody at Crown Court in 2019, 76% of male offenders were sentenced to immediate custody compared to 60% of females. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. Defendants with unknown or not stated ethnicity accounted for 28% of all indictable prosecutions in 2019. As at 30 June 2019, 13% of the sentenced male prison population were serving indeterminate sentences compared to 11% of the female population. A higher proportion of female offenders were first time offenders, compared to males. This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. All organisations within the CJS have increased female representation among senior staff over the last 5 years. Remands at magistrates court followed similar trends to police remands over the last 5 years, with lower proportions of female defendants bailed or remanded in custody. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15 (62% for young females and 53% for young males). Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. Youth custody statistics for October 2013 published. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). Time Method View help for Time Method In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner[footnote 21], whereas when the victim was male, only 9% of cases suspected the partner/ex-partner. You have rejected additional cookies. , The conviction ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of defendants convicted by the total number of defendants prosecuted in the same period. May in certain circumstances also be suitable when the Court is considering custody. You have accepted additional cookies. Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women. Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). This report is also accompanied by an infographic summarising key findings. Ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions against males compared to females. , In this section, children are the standard unit we are describing, even when not explicitly stating so in the text. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. The 75+ group was the only age group where prevalence of violent crime in highest among females. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. The relative proportion of male and female victims has remained consistent over the last five years[footnote 20]. The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and These data comes from the Child Support Supplement to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). Prosecutions for indictable offences for females have decreased by 29% since 2015, from 48,000 to 33,800. In 2019, 1.29 million defendants[footnote 48] were directed to appear at magistrates courts (including those who failed to appear). The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. , Fast Delivery PSR (written) Normally completed on day of request and must be completed within 5 days. The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. In 2019, the same proportion (98%) of PNDs issued were for higher tier offences for both males and females. , Questions on the offence category Causing sexual activity without consent were removed from the CSEW 2019/20, therefore the total category of any sexual assault (including attempts) no longer includes this category. Females reported that it was harder for family and friend to visit them in prison (this may be due to there being fewer female prisons so the average distance from home is greater). , For both indictable and summary offences. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. In 2019, 43% of all PSRs were written, fast delivery PSRs[footnote 52] (females 39%, males 44%). The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. Senior police officers increased their female representation to 27% in 2020, from 23% five years ago. In 2019, the guilty plea rates for indictable-only offences were 57% for males and 61% for females, and for triable-either-way offences they were 74% for males and 67% for females. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 1], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. In 2018, the Ministry of Justice published the Female Offender Strategy, which sets out the departments vision and plan to improve outcomes for women in the community and custody. 62.9% of custodial fathers are non-Hispanic white men. Overall personal crime rates decreased significantly between 2018/19 and 2019/20. The proportion of males issued a caution for indictable offences was 56%, compared to 52% for female offenders. It considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. However, this was lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 99] and 2014/15[footnote 100] (99% for young females and 98% for young males). In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males. Females reported better conditions and facilities than males regarding: having their own cell, clean clothes, clean sheets, relationships with staff and contacting family and friends. In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. Figure 5.08: Median number of days from offence to completion, by offence group and sex, 2019. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. The given number currently represents about . The overall child conviction ratio for indictable offences remained broadly stable since 2015, at 70%. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. The proportion of adults who experienced violent crime generally decreased with increasing age. Figure 3.02: Percentage of adults who were victims of violent crime, by age group, year ending March 2019. 18% of single mothers have a college degree or higher 27% of single fathers are between the ages of 15 & 29 29% of single fathers are African American 28% of single mothers are African American 36% of single fathers live at or below the poverty line 43% of single mothers live at or below the poverty line , Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the bulletin text (or however is most appropriate). This was higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (14% for both young females and young males). Further information on the following topics related to offender management is available online: Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning, Safety in Custody, Deaths in or following police contact, Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Restricted Patients, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary License, Licence Recalls. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. As with custodial sentences, females on average received shorter community orders (11.6 months) and suspended sentence orders (16.6 months) on compared to males (at 12.5 and 17.3 months respectively). Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. Mental health needs were higher for young females, the majority of which were for emotional and behavioural issues, affecting 31% of females and 18% of males. In 2019, 96% of child custodial sentences were given to male children[footnote 84]. Most of this decrease is accounted for by a reduction in the number of females prosecuted for theft offences (10,500 fewer in 2019 than in 2015), particularly theft from shops, for which there were 8,200 fewer prosecutions. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. In 2019, 86% of female offenders were sentenced to a fine with an average fine of 230, compared to 72% of male offenders with an average fine of 302. In 2019/20, sexual assault towards females within the last year were over 4 times higher than towards males. , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. , Bespoke analysis from the 2019-20 Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) annual report can be found in the chapter tables, published alongside this report. , The detailed results of the survey can be found in the offenders under supervision or in custody tables. And while a bias against men in child custody cases has been around for decades, let's explain why this is happening from a legal perspective. , Excluding companies and those of unknown sex, which accounted for 10% of the total number of defendants in 2019. As a consequence, care should be taken to ensure the limitations of these data are taken into account. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. As discussed in Chapter 5: Defendants, in 2019, 26% of individuals[footnote 113] prosecuted in England and Wales were female[footnote 114]. It draws upon published extracts of human resources records for the police (2019/20), Ministry of Justice (MoJ; 2018/19), Crown Prosecution Service (CPS; 2018/19), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS; 2019/20), magistracy[footnote 119] and judiciary[footnote 120]. Of those remanded in custody at magistrates court in 2019, 65% of male defendants were sent for trial or sentencing at Crown Court, compared to 50% of female defendants. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. It is the Ministry of Justices responsibility to maintain compliance with the standards expected for National Statistics. A lower proportion of females paid their PNDs in full (47%) compared to males (51%) and had a slightly higher proportion of fines registered (36% compared to 35%). In 2019, 50% of PNDs were paid in full, and 35% resulted in a fine for late payment. You have accepted additional cookies. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Police have found a body in the search for the missing baby of aristocrat Constance Marten and her lover Mark Gordon - as officers 'extend heartfelt condolences to the wider family'.. Offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Conveyance of drugs or weapons into or out of prison females made up 53% of 324 convictions in 2019, up 8 pp since 2015. , Where ethnicity was known. There were 5.4 million custodial parents who were supposed to receive child support in 2017, 1.2 million of which (22.2%) had family incomes below the poverty threshold. In the latest year, a higher proportion of females were issued PNDs for theft (retail under 100) compared to males, whereas males were more often issued PNDs for possession of cannabis compared to females (see Figure 4.04). The average child support received by custodial parents as of 2017 was $3,431 per year. The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. Report and data for March 2018 published. Overall, over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned in the matched cohort had SEN without a statement, 61% for young females and 60% for young males. A 2.6 pp increase over the last five years brought female representation among in-post police officers up to 31% in 2019.