This paper analyzes and discusses how the newly adopted system is structured and operates, the characteristics of extension services, and the evaluation system employed in agricultural extension, and assesses the challenges and opportunities associated with the system. Most of these crops are exported to generate foreign exchange. PDF Ethiopian Agriculture: A Dynamic Geographic Perspective The government mobilized farmers and organized "food for work" projects to build terraces and plant trees. Private . However, these cattle do relatively well under the traditional production system. Agriculture as a producer of positive externalities and public goods 2 2.4. Agron., 16: 180-195. . In the case of the textile and apparel sector, a shortage of locally-produced cotton suggests a need for cotton imports, including from the United States. Ethiopia's development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the . Agriculture, which constituted 46 percent of GDP and more than 80 percent of exports, is by far the most important economic activity in the Ethiopian economy. The amount of coffee inspected in the fiscal year 20072008 by the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority (ECTA) was 230,247 tons, a decrease of almost 3% from the previous fiscal year's total of 236,714 tons. Grains - Grains are the most important field crops and the main element in the diet of most Ethiopians. Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) 2020/21 (2013 E.C.) The particular GE cotton variety of interest is a product that is resistant to cotton bollworm, which is a pest challenge many farmers struggle to manage. Agriculture in Ethiopia. In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. Teff, indigenous to Ethiopia, furnishes the flour for enjera, an sourdough pancake-like bread that is the principal form in which grain is consumed in the highlands and in urban centers throughout the country. [6] Ethiopia has great agricultural potential because of its vast areas of fertile land, diverse climate, generally adequate rainfall, and large labor pool. Citation: Kehali Jembere, Tekalign Mamo and Kibebew Kibret, 2017. A couple of U.S. investors have also entered the market. The reforms success in supporting Ethiopias economic growth in part depends on the development of the agro-processing sector (e.g. Section D. There may also be future opportunities for equipment and systems to process these commodities. These three grains constitute the staple foods of a good part of the population and are major items in the diet of the nomads. It is a major subsistence crop and it is used as food. By 1990 the state had begun to develop large poultry farms, mostly around Addis Ababa, to supply hotels and government institutions. It is roughly 7 and a half years behind the Gregorian calendar. When you select "Accept all cookies," you're agreeing to let your browser store that data on your device so that we can provide you with a better, more relevant experience. To meet its agro-processing objectives, the GOE is building Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIP) in four pilot areas: Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regional states. [16] In 20062007 (the latest year available), exports of oilseeds accounted for 15.78% of export earnings (or million 187.4 Birr) and pulses 5.92% (or 70.3 million Birr). To achieve this, the GOE seeks to leverage on developing huge unutilized arable land, modernizing production systems, and improving uptake of technology. Challenges and prospects of agricultural production and productivity - GRIN The country, therefore, is expected to import wheat and soybeans in the coming years. There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. Per capita meat consumption was high by developing countries' standards, an estimated thirteen kilograms annually. [17], Ethiopia's flower industry has become a new source for export revenue. It is cultivated principally by the Gurage, Sidama, and several other ethnic groups in the region. [7], While efforts are being made to intensify and industrialize the sector, questions arise as to how Ethiopia can develop and expand its livestock population when Ethiopians already struggle to gain access to good soil, grazing land, and water. Between 1976 and 1985, the government constructed 600,000 kilometers of agricultural embankments on cultivated land and 470,000 kilometers of hillside terraces, and it closed 80,000 hectares of steep slopes for regeneration. According to government statistics, there are approximately 50 million cattle, 50 million goats and sheep, plus an assortment of horses, donkeys, camels and chickens. In addition, increased peasant consumption caused shortages of food items such as teff, wheat, corn, and other grains in urban areas. That is why per hectare yield of crop is . Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Ethiopian Potato Varieties to Home [www.eiar.gov.et] Food as a most essential good 3 2.5. Ethiopia - Agricultural Sector - International Trade Administration Examining the characteristics of stakeholders in Lake Tana Sub-basin resource use, management and Governance -- 21. A lock ( A locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The LMP also calls for increases in dairy, broiler and egg production to satisfy increasing consumer demand for affordable animal proteins. Contagious diseases and parasitic infections are major causes of death, factors that are exacerbated by malnutrition and starvation. In order to reduce the severity of this problem, several agricultural development strategies have been implemented since the 1960's. Peasant associations often were periodically compelled to redistribute land to accommodate young families or new households moving into their area. The main objective of this review is to indicate the policy gaps in terms of access . Ethiopia has previously imported cotton from various international suppliers. With 22% of children aged 5 to 14 working in the informal sector, the Department reported that "government efforts to address child labor have not sufficiently targeted sectors with a high incidence of child labor",[28] and cattle herding still figures among the goods listed in the DOL's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor published in December 2014. Brighter Green, 2. An ethnoarchaeological study of highland Ethiopian griddle technology is compared to bread-baking technologies in Africa and the Near East. The country intends to be a middle-income economy by 2025. They are boiled, roasted, or included in a stew-like dish known as wot, which is sometimes a main dish and sometimes a supplementary food. Agricultural equipment and systems, such as tractors, irrigation equipment, and grain handling Infrastructure like, silos, cold storage facilities, etc. y's natural potential, the agricultural performance remains weak; high dependency on rain-fed The importance of smallholder farming is increasingly recognized in rural areas where increased crop productivity and market participation can effectively improve their dietary diversity and nutrition quality. Private companies are allowed to import food commodities including wheat, rice, sugar, powder milk, and cooking oils. This can be attributed to two factors. Research on the constraints, characteristics, and performance of the enterprise sector in low-income countries is often constrained by scarcity . Except in Tigray region, the pilot agro-industrial parks have launched operations. In addition, the ten-year development plan aims at boosting agricultural export revenues and substituting imports by reducing production costs. Agriculture in Ethiopia - Wikipedia The General Characteristics of Ethiopia - GradesFixer Land Degradation in Ethiopia: Causes, Impacts and - IISTE The first three are primarily cool-weather crops cultivated at altitudes generally above 1,500 meters. What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture - ECHEMI Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. There is considerable room for investment when considering that about 95 percent of Ethiopias crop production is rain fed. By 1989, the area covered by the State Farms had grown to a total of 220,000 hectares. These conditions include basic agricultural production potentials, access to input and output markets, and local population densities which represent both labor availability and local demand for food. [7], Most agricultural producers are subsistence farmers with small holdings, often broken into several plots. Production technologies in Ethiopian agriculture Penn State Section D. The data from 460 sheep were used for the determination of morphometric characterization while 110 male sheep and 150 females were used to characterize the reproductive performance of Blackhead Somali sheep breeds. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. The manufacturing sector plays a marginal role in employment generation, exports, output, and inter-sectoral linkages. Before the revolution, large-scale commercial cotton plantations were developed in the Awash Valley and the Humera areas. It has also enjoyed a considerable attention by the government. With the support of the IMF, the Ethiopian government has developed an ambitious Homegrown Economic Reform Planto propel the countrys economic progress. For example, during the pre-reform period, sixty-one out of 200 farmer respondents owned three or four parcels of land; after the reform, the corresponding number was 135 farmers. Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. Contract farming, cluster approach and land consolidation, Horticulture (irrigation and urban farming), Climate resilient sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, investment in commercial farming requires considerable due diligence. In fact, over 50% of the daily caloric intake of an average household is from wheat, sorghum, and corn. }, author={Tesfaye Haile}, journal={Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, year={1988}, volume={10}, pages={85-97} } T. Haile; Published 14 July 1988; Geography; Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences As the textile and apparel industry grows, there will likely be more opportunities for U.S. cotton sales. Specific Characteristics of Agriculture and the Need to Treat - IATP Meat and poultry processing, and supporting equipment and systems. [7] Multinational agribusinesses supply these industrial poultry farms with high yielding breeds, such as Rhode Island Reds and White Leghorns. [8], During the imperial period, the development of the agricultural sector was retarded by a number of factors, including tenancy and land reform problems, the government's neglect of the agricultural sector (agriculture received less than 2 percent of budget allocations even though the vast majority of the population depended on agriculture), low productivity, and lack of technological development. Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture Introduction Inability to produce adequate food is the major problem of most less developed countries (LDCS). See, for example, Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia, "National Statistical Abstract. 1401 Constitution Ave NW
agriculture, poverty and illiteracy are important causes of land and environmental degradation in Ethiopia. Food production had consistently declined throughout the 1980s. It accounts for nearly 80% of the land under cultivation and employs 60% of the rural workforce, most of which work on less than one hectare of land. The economic plan prescribes the following comprehensive measures to overcome the challenges facing the agricultural sector: Enhance productivity of small-holder farmers and pastoralists through provision of modern inputs and services; Develop a legal framework that will allow farmers to lease land and to become shareholders in large commercial farms; Modernize livestock production through improving veterinary infrastructure, research and innovation, and establishing linkages with other industries; Establish effective linkages between agriculture producers and commodity markets as well as the commercial value chain; Encourage private sector investment in agricultural R&D and exploring PPPs to expand medium and large-scale irrigation infrastructure; and. The Blue Nile from Ethiopia originating form Lake Tana and the White Nile that originated form Lake Victoria merge into the Great Nile River at Khartoum, the Sudan capital to form the longest river of the world draining to the Mediterranean Sea.The Blue Nile Falls is one . The combined pressure of crop and livestock production and the ever-increasing human f AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN ETHIOPIA 285 population on the land in this farming system is high. According to CSA (2015) report, cereals . The objective of the LSMS-ISA is to collect multi-topic panel household level data with a special focus on improving agriculture statistics and the link between . The powers and duties of the MoA include: conservation and use of forest and wildlife resources, food security, water use and small-scale irrigation, monitoring events affecting agricultural development and early warning system . Land use function 2 2.2. Opportunities also exist for agricultural inputs and systems used to grow and process cotton into textile and apparel. The problem became so serious that Mengistu lashed out against the peasantry on the occasion of the fourth anniversary of military rule in September 1978. Excluding the Afar and Somali Regions, there were approximately 47.5 million cattle, 26.1 million sheep, 21.7 million goats, 2.1 million horses and mules, 5.6 million donkeys, 1 million camels, and 39.6 million poultry. Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment. Please see below for the market overview and trade data. It began with the domestication of crops and animals. [7] Grain is an essential part of the Ethiopian diet. The pilot areas selected for establishment of the Agro-Industrial Parks are mainly based on the potential of existing agricultural resources and allied sectors, infrastructure, and facilities. Sandy desert soils cover much of the arid lowlands in the northeast and in the Ogaden of southeastern Ethiopia. Peasant associations used 361 nurseries to plant 11,000 hectares of land in community forest. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has identified key priority intervention areas to increase productivity of smallholder farms and expand large-scale commercial farms. In EFY 197475, pulses and oilseeds accounted for 34% of export earnings (about 163 million Birr), but this share declined to about 3% (about 30 million Birr) in EFY 198889.